Nutrients
L-Carnitine and Thyroid: The Hyperthyroid Symptom Trial
L-carnitine has randomized trial evidence for reducing hyperthyroid symptoms but not for hypothyroidism. See what the data actually shows.
Choline and Hashimoto's: Eggs, Liver, and the Methylation Question
Choline supports methylation and cell membrane health — but does it matter for Hashimoto's? See what the evidence actually shows.
Copper and Thyroid: The Copper/Zinc Ratio Question
Copper interacts with zinc and thyroid hormone metabolism. See what the evidence says about copper, the copper/zinc ratio, and thyroid function.
Curcumin and Hashimoto's: What the Research Actually Shows
Curcumin may reduce TPO antibodies and inflammation in Hashimoto's, but poor absorption is the catch. Here's what the RCTs actually found.
Myo-Inositol and Hashimoto's: A Promising but Small Evidence Base
Small Italian RCTs show myo-inositol plus selenium may lower TPO antibodies and TSH in Hashimoto's — here's what the evidence actually says and what's missing.
Iodine and Hypothyroidism: Why More Is Not Better for Hashimoto's
Iodine and hypothyroidism have a U-shaped relationship: too little causes deficiency, too much can worsen Hashimoto's. What WHO, NIH, and the ATA actually say.
Iron Deficiency and Thyroid: Why Low Ferritin Mimics Hypothyroid Symptoms
Iron deficiency and thyroid symptoms overlap: TPO needs iron to build hormone, and low ferritin can leave you exhausted even when your TSH looks fine.
Magnesium and Thyroid Function: What the Evidence Actually Shows
Does magnesium help your thyroid? The biochemistry is real, observational data hints at a link, but no monotherapy trial has proven a thyroid benefit yet.
Manganese and Thyroid: A Trace Mineral Without a Thyroid Story
Manganese is in many 'thyroid support' supplements, but the actual thyroid evidence is thin. See what's real.
N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) and Hashimoto's: What the Evidence Actually Shows
NAC is sold as a Hashimoto's supplement based on one small trial. See what the evidence actually shows about N-acetylcysteine and thyroid antibodies.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Thyroid Health: What the Research Actually Shows
Omega-3s show anti-inflammatory promise for Hashimoto's, but the evidence is emerging — here's what studies actually found and what it means for you.
Probiotics and Hashimoto's: What the Gut-Thyroid Research Shows
Research links gut dysbiosis to Hashimoto's autoimmunity. Here's what RCTs and meta-analyses actually show about probiotics and thyroid health.
Quercetin and Hashimoto's: Antioxidant Hype or Real Help?
Quercetin is sold as a Hashimoto's supplement. See what the evidence actually shows about this plant antioxidant.
Selenium and Hashimoto's: What the Research Actually Shows
Selenium and Hashimoto's: a 2010 meta-analysis showed 200 mcg/day lowered TPO antibodies in 3 months. See what the evidence shows, and where it's weaker.
Thyroid and the Gut Microbiome: What's Real, What's Hype
The gut microbiome differs in Hashimoto's, but most 'fix your gut to fix your thyroid' claims outrun the evidence. What helps, what's hype.
Oxidative Stress in Hashimoto's: What's Real and What Antioxidants Can Actually Do
Oxidative stress is real in Hashimoto's, but generic antioxidant supplements aren't the fix. See what the evidence actually supports.
Tyrosine and Thyroid: Do You Really Need to Supplement?
L-tyrosine is the building block of thyroid hormone, but supplementing rarely helps. See what the evidence shows and when (if ever) it's worth trying.
Vitamin A and Thyroid: The Retinol Connection You Don't Hear About
Vitamin A and thyroid hormone share the same receptor family. See what the evidence shows about retinol, T3, and TSH in deficiency and supplementation.
Vitamin B12 and Hypothyroidism: Why Deficiency Is So Common and What to Do About It
B12 deficiency is common in Hashimoto's and hypothyroidism — often causing fatigue and brain fog that mirror thyroid symptoms. Here's why it happens and when to test.
Vitamin C and Levothyroxine: Can Acid Improve Absorption?
Vitamin C may improve levothyroxine absorption by lowering gastric pH. See what the trials show and when it actually helps.
Vitamin D and Hashimoto's: What the Evidence Actually Shows
Vitamin D and Hashimoto's: low levels are common and small RCTs show modest antibody drops, but causation is unsettled — test 25(OH)D before supplementing.
Vitamin K2 and Thyroid: Is There a Real Connection?
Vitamin K2 is sold as part of thyroid stacks alongside vitamin D. See what the evidence actually shows about K2 and thyroid function.
Zinc and Thyroid Function: What the Evidence Actually Shows
Does zinc help the thyroid? It's a cofactor for T4-to-T3 conversion, but RCT evidence is small, mostly outside Hashimoto's, and limited and inconsistent.