Thyroid nutrition, evidence-based.
Short, cited, no alarmism. Every article is graded by evidence level.
Anxiety and Hashimoto Disease: When It Is the Thyroid, When It Is Not
Anxiety in Hashimoto disease can be the thyroid or a primary disorder. See how to tell them apart and what actually helps.
Central Hypothyroidism: When the Pituitary or Hypothalamus Is the Cause
Central hypothyroidism comes from the pituitary or hypothalamus, not the thyroid. TSH is misleading — monitoring relies on FT4 and other pituitary hormones.
Checkpoint Inhibitor Thyroiditis: When Cancer Immunotherapy Affects the Thyroid
PD-1/PD-L1 cancer immunotherapy causes thyroiditis in 5–20% of patients. See the typical biphasic pattern and how levothyroxine is dosed.
Cold Intolerance in Hypothyroidism: Why You Feel Cold All the Time
Cold intolerance is one of the earliest hypothyroid symptoms and one of the fastest to resolve on levothyroxine. Mechanism, timeline, and what doesn't help.
Compounded Thyroid Medication: When It Helps, When It Doesn't
Compounded thyroid medication has narrow legitimate uses but real potency-variability risks. See when it helps and when to push back.
Constipation and Hypothyroidism: Why It Happens and What Actually Helps
Hypothyroidism slows gut transit. See why constipation happens, what improves on levothyroxine, and which fixes (fiber, magnesium) actually work.
Cruciferous Vegetables and the Thyroid: What the Evidence Actually Shows
How much cruciferous is too much for hypothyroidism? Cooking deactivates most goitrogens, iodine status sets the ceiling, and sulforaphane may help. The evidence quantified.
Dry Skin in Hypothyroidism: Why It Happens and How to Manage It
Hypothyroidism reduces sebum and slows skin turnover, producing dry, rough skin. See what recovers on levothyroxine and how to manage it.
Fasting-Mimicking Diet and the Thyroid: What's Known
The Fasting-Mimicking Diet shows transient T3 drops and immune signals. Safety in Hashimoto on levothyroxine is unstudied — what's known and what isn't.
Fermented Foods and Hashimoto's: Kefir, Sauerkraut, Kimchi, Kombucha
Fermented foods may support the gut-thyroid axis through probiotics and SCFAs. See what the evidence shows for Hashimoto's — and when to be careful.
Hashimoto Disease and Celiac Disease: When to Screen and Why It Matters
Hashimoto patients have 3-7x higher celiac risk. See when to screen with tTG-IgA, when biopsy matters, and what gluten avoidance actually does for thyroid.
Hashimoto Grocery List for One Week: What to Buy and Track
Build a one-week Hashimoto grocery list around protein, fiber-rich carbs, thyroid-relevant nutrients, medication timing, and symptom tracking.
Headache and Migraine in Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism is linked to more frequent headaches and migraines. Most improve on adequate levothyroxine — but severe or persistent headaches need neurology workup.
Hearing Loss and Hypothyroidism: What the Evidence Shows
Hypothyroidism can contribute to sensorineural hearing loss. See what improves on levothyroxine, when to refer to audiology, and what doesn't help.
Hoarseness and Vocal Changes in Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism can cause a deeper, hoarse voice from vocal cord edema. See what recovers on levothyroxine and when to see an ENT.
How Levothyroxine Dose Is Calculated: Weight, Age, and Why You May Need Adjustments
Levothyroxine starts at ~1.6 mcg/kg/day for full replacement, lower in elderly or cardiac patients. See how dose is calculated and adjusted.
Hypothyroidism and Cholesterol: Why LDL Rises and When to Treat
Hypothyroidism raises LDL by reducing LDL receptor expression. See how much LDL drops on levothyroxine and when to add a statin.
Hypothyroidism and Fatty Liver Disease: Beyond NASH
Hypothyroidism roughly doubles fatty liver prevalence and accelerates fibrosis. See what improves on levothyroxine and where resmetirom fits.
Hypothyroidism and Hashimoto Disease in Children: Growth, School, and Long-term Outlook
Childhood hypothyroidism affects growth, puberty, and school. Newborn screening catches congenital cases; adequate levothyroxine restores normal development.
Hypothyroidism in Older Adults: TSH Targets, Drug Sensitivity, and Cognition
TSH rises with age, so targets in older adults are higher. Trials show no benefit treating subclinical hypothyroidism over 65. Here's how it's dosed.
Iodine-Induced Thyroid Dysfunction: When Too Much Iodine Hurts
Too much iodine — kelp, contrast, amiodarone — can trigger hypothyroidism in Hashimoto patients or hyperthyroidism in nodular goiter. What to do.
Iron Supplements Compared: Ferrous Sulfate, Bisglycinate, Heme, Liposomal
Ferrous sulfate, bisglycinate, heme, liposomal: what the trials show on tolerance, absorption, every-other-day dosing, and levothyroxine timing.
Joint Pain in Hashimoto Disease: When It Is the Thyroid and When It Is Not
Hashimoto can cause joint pain through inflammation and altered tissue hydration — but persistent swelling needs a rheumatology workup.
Levothyroxine Side Effects: What's Real, What's Adjustment, What's Anxiety
Most levothyroxine 'side effects' are dose mismatch, not the drug. See what the 2026 evidence shows and what to discuss with your endocrinologist.
Lithium and the Thyroid: Hypothyroidism, Goiter, and Rare Hyperthyroidism
Lithium causes hypothyroidism in 10-30% of users — especially women with TPO antibodies. See the mechanism, monitoring schedule, and management.
Low Libido and Sexual Dysfunction in Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism lowers libido and contributes to sexual dysfunction in both sexes. Most patients recover within 3 to 6 months on adequate levothyroxine.
Melatonin and the Thyroid: Sleep, Antioxidants, and Caveats
Melatonin has antioxidant effects on the thyroid and may help sleep in Hashimoto. See what the evidence shows, dosing, and pregnancy caveats.
Menstrual Changes and Hypothyroidism: Heavy, Irregular, or Missed Periods
Hypothyroidism causes heavy, irregular, or missed periods. Most normalize within 3–6 months on adequate levothyroxine. See what to expect.
Methimazole vs Propylthiouracil for Hyperthyroidism: How to Choose
Methimazole is first-line for most adults with hyperthyroidism. PTU is reserved for first-trimester pregnancy and thyroid storm. See how to choose.
Multinodular Goiter: When to Monitor, When to Treat
Most multinodular goiters are stable and only need surveillance ultrasound. See when biopsy, RAI, surgery, or RFA are warranted.
Muscle Pain and Weakness in Hypothyroidism: Hoffmann Syndrome and Beyond
Hypothyroidism can cause muscle pain, weakness, cramps and elevated CK. Most cases recover on adequate levothyroxine within 3 to 6 months.
Myxedema and Facial Puffiness in Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism causes myxedema — water-binding mucopolysaccharides in skin tissue producing facial puffiness. Most cases resolve on levothyroxine.
Myxedema Coma: Recognizing the Severe Hypothyroid Emergency
Myxedema coma is a rare, life-threatening hypothyroid emergency. Recognize hypothermia, altered mental status, and bradycardia. ER care is critical.
Natural Desiccated Thyroid (Armour, NP Thyroid): What the Evidence Says
Natural desiccated thyroid (Armour, NP Thyroid) contains porcine T4 and T3. See what trials show vs levothyroxine, the ATA position, and how switching is monitored.
Newly Diagnosed with Hashimoto Disease or Hypothyroidism: A 90-Day Roadmap
A 90-day roadmap for the newly diagnosed: levothyroxine setup, the 6-week TSH check, what improves first, and the pitfalls to avoid.
Night Sweats and Hot Flashes in Hashimoto's: What's Thyroid and What's Not
Night sweats in Hashimoto's can come from hashitoxicosis, over-replacement, or menopause. See what pattern, free T4, and free T3 reveal.
Peripheral Neuropathy and Carpal Tunnel in Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism can cause carpal tunnel and peripheral neuropathy. Most cases recover in 3 to 6 months on levothyroxine — here is when they do not.
Polyphenols, Green Tea, and the Thyroid: Antioxidant Promise, Practical Limits
Green tea polyphenols like EGCG reduce oxidative stress in lab models, but human thyroid trials are sparse and high-dose extracts risk liver toxicity.
Radioactive Iodine (RAI) Therapy: What to Expect
Radioactive iodine (I-131) destroys overactive or cancerous thyroid tissue. See how to prepare, the isolation rules, and what happens after.
Resveratrol and Hashimoto's: Antioxidant Hype vs Evidence
Resveratrol shows antioxidant effects on thyroid cells in lab models, but human Hashimoto's evidence is essentially absent. See what's known.
Shortness of Breath and Respiratory Symptoms in Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism can cause dyspnea via respiratory muscle weakness, blunted central drive, and rarely pleural effusion. See what improves on levothyroxine.
Silent (Painless) Thyroiditis: The Quiet Cause of Hyperthyroidism
Silent (painless) thyroiditis causes transient hyperthyroidism then hypothyroidism, then recovery for most. Antithyroid drugs don't help; beta-blockers do.
Skin Rashes and Urticaria in Hashimoto's: The Autoimmune Skin Cluster
Hashimoto's raises the risk of chronic urticaria, vitiligo, and alopecia areata. See what helps and when to see dermatology.
Subacute (De Quervain's) Thyroiditis: The Painful Post-Viral Thyroiditis
Subacute (De Quervain's) thyroiditis is a painful post-viral thyroiditis with a three-phase course. NSAIDs first-line; prednisone if severe.
Switching Between Thyroid Medications: Generic to Brand, Tablet to Liquid, and Beyond
Every switch between thyroid medications — generic to brand, tablet to liquid — needs a TSH recheck at 6 weeks. Here's why, and how to do it safely.
Thyroid and Bone: Osteoporosis, Over-replacement, and Fracture Risk
TSH suppression and levothyroxine over-replacement accelerate bone loss and fracture risk, especially in postmenopausal women. See what the guidelines recommend.
Thyroid and Cardiovascular Risk: What Matters at Every Level of TSH
Both under-treated hypothyroidism and over-replaced levothyroxine raise cardiovascular risk. See where the safest TSH range sits.
Thyroid and Male Fertility: Sperm Quality, Libido, and Hormones
Hypothyroidism lowers sperm motility, morphology, and testosterone. See what recovers on levothyroxine and when to refer to urology.
Thyroid Function in Endurance Athletes: Low T3 Syndrome and Recovery
Heavy endurance training can lower T3 and suppress TSH. Why this looks like hypothyroidism but rarely is — and what actually helps.
Thyroid Hormone Resistance (RTH): When the Body Doesn't Respond Normally to Thyroid Hormone
Thyroid hormone resistance (RTH) is a genetic condition with high free T4 and non-suppressed TSH. Most patients need no treatment.
Thyroid Storm: Recognizing the Hyperthyroid Emergency
Thyroid storm is a rare, life-threatening exacerbation of hyperthyroidism. Learn warning signs, scoring, and ICU treatment.
Tinnitus and Hearing Changes in Hashimoto's
Tinnitus and hearing changes occur more often in Hashimoto's. See the autoimmune inner-ear evidence, what levothyroxine fixes, and when to see audiology.
Tracking Thyroid Symptoms: What Actually Helps Your Doctor Help You
Symptom diaries help your endocrinologist read between TSH numbers. See what to track, how often, and what patterns actually change dose.
Traveling with Levothyroxine: Time Zones, Refrigeration, and Foreign Pharmacies
Levothyroxine doesn't need refrigeration on the road. Anchor timing to your sleep cycle, not local clocks, and carry a buffer for foreign pharmacies.
Vertigo, Dizziness, and Balance Problems in Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism can cause vertigo and balance problems through vestibular hypofunction and autonomic effects. Most improve on levothyroxine — see when to seek ENT or neurology.
Vitamin E and Thyroid Function: What Does the Evidence Show
Vitamin E is an antioxidant studied in Hashimoto's. Small trials show mixed results and supplements above 400 IU carry risks. Food sources are safer.
Thyroid Symptom Tracker: A Weekly Review Template for Food, Energy, and Labs
Use this weekly thyroid symptom tracker template to connect meals, medication timing, energy, digestion, brain fog, sleep, and labs without overclaiming patterns.
Gluten and Hashimoto: What to Track Before Going Gluten-Free
Before going gluten-free for Hashimoto’s, learn what to track: celiac risk, symptoms, meals, medication timing, and clinician questions.
Thyroid Diet App vs PDF Meal Plan: Which Helps More?
Compare a thyroid diet app with a PDF meal plan for hypothyroidism or Hashimoto routines: meals, medication timing, symptoms, labs, and tracking.
Thyroid Medication Timing: Coffee, Meals, Calcium, and Iron
A practical thyroid medication timing guide for coffee, meals, calcium, iron, supplements, and daily routines — with safe clinician-first caveats.